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Pre-Algebra Numbers and operations

Irrational numbers and Pi

20 practice questions 0 video lessons Theory + worked examples

Irrational Numbers and Pi

Texas Pre-Algebra (TEKS) • Standard 8.2(A) • Numbers & Operations

Irrational Numbers and Pi is a topic in Numbers & Operations in the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills. It is aligned to Standard 8.2(A), which requires students to distinguish rational from irrational numbers, including pi.

An irrational number cannot be written as a fraction; its decimal never terminates or repeats, as with \(\pi\) and \(\sqrt2\).

Texas Pre-Algebra (TEKS) › Numbers & Operations › Irrational Numbers and Pi  —  Standard 8.2(A)

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Theory

An irrational number cannot be written as a fraction of integers; its decimal never terminates or repeats.

\(\pi\), \(\sqrt2\), and \(\sqrt3\) are irrational; roots of perfect squares are not.
Rational vs irrational Rational vs irrational Rational vs irrational rational: fraction; terminating/repeating irrational: non-repeating, non-terminating examples: Ο€, √2, √3
Rational vs irrational.
Pi (Ο€) Pi (Ο€) Pi (Ο€) Ο€ = circumference Γ· diameter Ο€ β‰ˆ 3.14159... (never repeats) Ο€ is irrational
Pi is irrational.

The two groups:

\[\text{rational: }\dfrac{a}{b}\qquad \text{irrational: not }\dfrac{a}{b}\]
rational numbers are fractions; irrational numbers are not
Together they form the real numbers.

How to classify a number

  1. Check if it can be a fraction of integers.
  2. Terminating or repeating decimal: rational.
  3. Non-terminating, non-repeating: irrational.
  4. Roots of non-perfect squares are irrational.
Example 1 β€” Classify
Is \(\sqrt{2}\) rational or irrational?
Solution

Its decimal never terminates or repeats β€” irrational.

irrational
Example 2 β€” Classify
Is \(0.25\) rational or irrational?
Solution

It terminates and equals \(\dfrac14\) β€” rational.

rational
Example 3 β€” Pi
Is \(\pi\) rational?
Solution

No β€” its decimal never repeats, so it is irrational.

no, it is irrational
Example 4 β€” Perfect vs not
Is \(\sqrt{9}\) irrational?
Solution

No β€” \(\sqrt9=3\), a whole number, so it is rational.

no, it is rational

Common pitfalls

\(3.14\) is only an approximation of \(\pi\).
\(\sqrt9=3\) is rational β€” a perfect square.
Repeating decimals are rational, not irrational.

Frequently asked questions

What is an irrational number?

A number that cannot be written as a fraction.

Is pi irrational?

Yes.

Is \(\sqrt2\) irrational?

Yes.

Is \(\sqrt9\) irrational?

No, it equals \(3\).