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All circles are similar

20 practice questions 1 video lesson Theory + worked examples

All Circles Are Similar

Common Core Geometry • Standard G-C.1 • Circles

All Circles Are Similar is the opening topic of Circles in the Common Core State Standards. It is aligned to Standard G-C.1, which requires students to prove that all circles are similar.

All circles are similar — any circle can be mapped onto any other by a translation and a dilation.

Common Core Geometry › Circles › All Circles Are Similar  —  Standard G-C.1

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Practice questions

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  • Proof: all circles are similar | Mathematics II | High School Math | Khan Academy Watch
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Theory

All circles are similar. A single dilation (with the right center and scale factor) maps any circle exactly onto any other — circles differ only in size, never in shape.

A consequence is that the ratio of circumference to diameter is the same constant, \(\pi\), for every circle.

The scale factor is the ratio of the radii. Everything else about the circles is identical up to that scaling.
All circles are similar Any two circles are similar because a dilation can map one exactly onto the other. a dilation maps any circle onto any other
A dilation maps one circle onto another — all circles are similar.
Why all circles are similar Why all circles are similar Why all circles are similar a dilation matches any two circles circumference / diameter = π for every circle
Why all circles are similar.

The constant and the scale factor:

\[\dfrac{C}{d}=\pi\ \text{(all circles)},\qquad k=\dfrac{r_2}{r_1}\]
circumference over diameter is pi for all circles; the scale factor is the ratio of radii
Because circles are similar, lengths scale by \(k\) and areas by \(k^2\), just like any similar figures.

How to compare two circles

  1. Find the scale factor as the ratio of their radii.
  2. Lengths (radius, circumference) scale by \(k\).
  3. Areas scale by \(k^2\).
Example 1 — Scale factor between circles
A circle of radius \(3\) is dilated to radius \(12\). Find the scale factor.
Solution

The scale factor is the ratio of radii.

\(k\)\(=\)\(\dfrac{12}{3}=4\)
the scale factor is 4
Example 2 — Why similar
Why is every circle similar to every other circle?
Solution

A dilation centered appropriately maps one circle exactly onto the other, and dilations produce similar figures.

a dilation maps one circle onto another, so all circles are similar
Example 3 — The constant ratio
What is the same for all circles?
Solution

The ratio of circumference to diameter is always \(\pi\).

\(\dfrac{C}{d}\)\(=\)\(\pi\)
circumference over diameter is always pi
Example 4 — Ratio of circumferences
Two circles have radii \(5\) and \(15\). Compare their circumferences.
Solution

Circumference scales with the radius (linear).

\(\dfrac{C_2}{C_1}\)\(=\)\(\dfrac{15}{5}=3\)
the larger circumference is 3 times the smaller

Common pitfalls

All circles are similar, never congruent unless they have the same radius.
The scale factor is a ratio of radii, not their difference.
\(\pi\) is the ratio for every circle; it is not specific to a particular one.

Frequently asked questions

Why are all circles similar?

Because a dilation can map any circle onto any other; they differ only in size.

What is the scale factor between two circles?

The ratio of their radii (or diameters).

What ratio is the same for all circles?

Circumference divided by diameter, which always equals \(\pi\).

Are all circles congruent?

Only if they have the same radius. In general they are similar but not congruent.